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<\/p>\n

(Mogadishu) 11 August 2018<\/strong><\/span> – The mining sector of Somalia is still in its infancy stage with activity being predominantly artisanal in nature. However, Somalia has significant potential, and large proportions of its landmass have yet to be explored. Although mining activities in Somalia are minimal, the known mineral targets constitute less than 20%. The country has never had an overall geological and mineralogical survey. Past reconnaissance and exploration efforts were erratic; something here and something there and unfortunately that meagre data (though old) generated was lost during the civil war. The known mineral targets can be classified in these five main categories:<\/p>\n

\n
Mining for precious and semi-precious minerals: Only artisanal miners are involved in this activity in their search for gold, diamond, platinum and gemstones such as emerald, ruby, sapphire,\u00a0\u00a0 tourmaline and meteorites.<\/li>\n
Industrial mineral targets include phosphates, kaolin, bentonite, potash, lithium brines, sepiolite, talc, iguana, pegmatites and quartz.<\/li>\n
Target ores: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), rutile for Titanium, tin (Sb), gold (Au) and silver (Ag)<\/li>\n
Target energy minerals: These include uranium, lignite, coal, and hydrocarbons \u2013 oil and gas<\/li>\n
Mining for building materials and ornamental stones: Granite, limestone, marble, kaolin and lime production<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Mineral potential of Somalia:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Federal Member State<\/strong><\/td>\n Mineral potential<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Puntland<\/strong><\/td>\n 1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Majiyahan deposit of tantalum (tin), Nb, gold (Au) and silver (Ag).<\/p>\n
<\/iframe><\/ins><\/ins><\/div>\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dhurbo coal deposits (Two sites).<\/p>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Qandala lead and silver deposit with zinc, iron and copper.<\/p>\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The salts of Hafun and gemstones<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"145\">Galmudug<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"493\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The sepiolite, bentonite, kaolinite and potash of El Bur2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The salts, including potash and lithium brines of Hinlabi, Seego, Warshuba and Ba\u2019ad Weyn. There are other potential sites near Af Barwaaqo.<\/p>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Calcrete uranium deposits of Mirig, Wabo, Adado and Galinsor<\/p>\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Brown coal (Lignite) and black coal deposit are reported at NW Hobyo<\/p>\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pt, Cu and Au are reported by the Russian researchers<\/p>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"145\">Hirshabelle<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"493\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The gypsum of Jiqley2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The cement-making material (limestone, clay and gypsum) of Jiqley<\/p>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pt, Cu and Au is reported by Russians on East Bula Burte<\/p>\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Silica sands, kaolinite and REE in the coastal sand dunes<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"145\">South West<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"493\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Primary uranium at Alio Ghelle2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The apatites (phosphorites) of Modu Mode<\/p>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The iron ore of Bur Qalin and Daimir, near Dinsor; in addition to Mn deposit associated with the Fe ore.<\/p>\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Granite, marble at\u00a0 Lego near Balli Dogle and gem-stones in the Dooy<\/p>\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rare Earth Elements (REE) and silica sand in the coastal sand dunes near Marka and between Marka and Mogadishu, along the coast.<\/p>\n6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Coal (black coal) resource at Hawaay, west of Barawe<\/p>\n7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ag and Au east of Bardhere; and Cu and Phosphorites SW of Dinsor.<\/p>\n8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kaolinite and silica sand deposits is found in the red\/white sands, near Marka<\/p>\n9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Limestone, clay and gypsum for cement at Markabley and Bur Anole, south of Bardhere<\/p>\n10.\u00a0 The bauxites of Goof Gaduud, Manaas and Moode Moode<\/p>\n11.\u00a0 Pegmatites for quartz and lithium production<\/p>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"145\">Jubbaland<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"493\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fe ore near El Wak\u00a0 (The Russian report)2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The black sand deposits of Kismayo: magnetite, ilmenite, rutile, zircon and monazite<\/p>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Placer gold traces in sand\/pebbles on river Juba banks between Bardhere and Luuq<\/p>\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Limestone, clay and gypsum for cement at Markabley and Bur Anole, south of Bardhere<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"145\">Somaliland (?)<\/strong>Somaliland has unilaterally declared its independence from Somalia. However, the Federal Government of Somalia wants Somaliland to reunite with the rest of Somalia as a Federal Member State.<\/td>\n<td width=\"493\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Piezo-quartz and feldspar pegmatite\u2019s and Muscovites in Lafarug and Da\u2019ar Buruk. There is potential for Lithium mining.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gold and Pt in Arabsiya, Gabiley, Baki and Borame.<\/p>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Base metal : Cu and Zn; auriferous (gold) or molybdenum hydrothermal occurrences (Borislav K Kamenov)<\/p>\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cassiterite (tin)-bearing quartz veins in the Inda Ad Series of Sanag in Dalan<\/p>\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Molybdenum, Columbite and beryllium \u2013bearing quartz veins and pegmatites (quartz and lithium) in the western part of the Golis Range.<\/p>\n6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Coal and lignite: Coal deposits with ages from Jurassic to Oligocene \u2013Mionce occur in Hed-Hed , north of Las Dureh, Southeast of Berbera<\/p>\n7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gypsum-anhydrite deposit near Berbara<\/p>\n8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Beryl group gemstones, opal, tourmaline, amethyst, quartz, ruby and sapphires.<\/p>\n9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Iguana as fertilisers at the islands of Hiis and Maydh.<\/p>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"145\">Benadir (?)<\/strong>The Status of Benadir (the Capital city region) within the Federal System is not yet finalised.<\/td>\n<td width=\"493\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aggregate production for construction (buildings and infrastructure)2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lime production for construction purposes<\/p>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Seafront salt mining<\/p>\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Coastal sand dunes: REE, silica sands and kaolinite<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"145\">\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"493\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n<\/strong>The status of the legal and the regulatory regime of Somalia:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">Mining Policy<\/td>\n<td width=\"427\">The Mining Policy is drafted but has to be shared with relevant authorities for feedback and approval. The mining policy covers broad principals for mineral sector development. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">Ownership,\u00a0 management and revenue sharing<\/td>\n<td width=\"427\">The Federal Government of Somalia\u00a0 (FGS) and the Federal Member States (FMS) has agreed on ownership and the management of the mineral resources and on how to share the revenues generated from the mineral resources in Baydhaba in 2018. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">A new Mining Code 2018\/19<\/td>\n<td width=\"427\">\u00a0The Mining Code will be modern and specifically tailored to the Somalia \u2018s needs. Work on the Mining Code is at the beginning stage. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">Mining Regulations 2018<\/td>\n<td width=\"427\">The mining regulations are inclusive into this Mining Code project. The Regulation is the very specific details on key aspects of mineral sector operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">Model mining exploration and development Agreement (MEDA) in the form of production sharing<\/td>\n<td width=\"427\">The model agreement that will be presented to every mining company interested to mine in Somalia and the model will be the basis of negotiations during the process of agreements. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">Mining Strategy<\/td>\n<td width=\"427\">What the Federal Government of Somalia seeks to achieve by developing the minerals sector and how. The strategy is not yet written.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n<\/strong>FGS\/FMS Institutional framework<\/strong><\/p>\nIn describing the institutional framework that will facilitate mineral activities, it is useful to break down the levels of government\/state institutions. While not essential, it is also useful to include some legislative confirmation of these formal government institutions in minerals-specific legislation.<\/p>\nExamples are included in this table.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Level of Formal Government Institutions<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Illustrative roles and responsibilities <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Somali Mining Authority \u2013 the Regulator\/Inspectorate<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Somali Geological Survey<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Somali Mining Corporation (Commercial wing of the State)<\/p>\n <\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Leadership on overall governance and policy, fiscal regime and broad legislative regime; in some jurisdictions, overall land, licensing, inspection; includes the \u201cline ministry\u201dInstitutions: Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Somali Mining Authority, Ministry of Finance, Directorate of Environment (under the Prime Minister\u2019s Office), Interior Ministry and Ministry of Labour.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n1.\u00a0 Cadastre: Licensing, registration, maintenance of mineral rights; maintenance of cadastral maps, issue reporting requirements through which to monitor operations<\/p>\n <\/p>\n2. Exploration and survey mapping of mineral resources, retrieval and maintenance of geoscience data<\/p>\n <\/p>\n3.\u00a0 This is a state commercial company that carries the interest of the state, and enters into joint ventures with international mining companies.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Federal Member State (FMS)1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Petroleum and Mining Agency<\/p>\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ministry of Petroleum and Minerals (FMS Level Ministry)<\/p>\n <\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Licensing, inspections, technical requirements, facilitation of good investments, information, land acquisition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Region and district<\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Community and employment issues, environmental monitoring, land reconciliation, benefits sharing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \nOther parallel activities with respect to mining \u2013 Geological and mineral surveys: <\/strong><\/p>\nAcquisition of new data through remote sensing: Somalia will try to get funding for remote sensing, most specifically hyperspectral remote sensing and georesonance technology that identifies subsurface technology by their characteristic spectral signatures. Vast areas can be surveyed within weeks. As a consequence of that effort, the Ministry of Petroleum will be able to gather data on its vast mineral resources.<\/p>\nAbdulkadir Abiikar Hussein \nTechnical Director \nThe Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Federal Government of Somalia, and Dean, Faculty of Geoscience and Environment \nBenadir University, Mogadishu, Somalia<\/p>\nHadalsame Media<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"  (Mogadishu) 11 August 2018 – The mining sector of Somalia is still in its infancy stage with activity being predominantly artisanal in nature. However, Somalia has significant potential, and large proportions of its landmass have yet to be explored. Although mining activities in Somalia are minimal, the known mineral targets constitute less than 20%. 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