(Hadalsame) 07 Jan 2021 – MAQAAL KU SAABSAN HORUMARINTA NIDAAMKA WAXBARASHADA DALKA
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Dunida sida isbadel & horumar weyn loogu talaabsaday dhanka teknoolojiyada, sayniska, ganacsiga, caafimaadka iwm, ayaa si la mid ahna uu is badel ugu dhacay nidaamka waxbarasho ee caalamka. Maqaalkaan kooban wuxuu si dul mar ah oga hadli doonaa baahida loo qabo in nidaamka waxbarasho dalka u baahan yahay in la casriyeeyo, talooyin dhowr ah oo arrintaa ku saabsana wuu soo bandhigi doonaa.
Nidaamka waxbarasho ee dalka sida manaahijta & dariiqooyinka wax loo baro ardayda waxay u baahan yihiin in la casriyeeyo oo la tayeeyo, laguna saleeyo baahiyaha ka jira suuqyada shaqo ee maanta & kawa mustaqbalka fog. Tusaale, jaamicadaha dalka waxaa laga dhigaa manhajki waxbarasho ee 20 sano ka hor la dhigi jiray; dugsiyada hoose & sarana waa la mid. Nidaamka waxbarasho ee Soomaliga waxaa xooga la saaraa sidi ardayga wax badan loo xifdisiin lahaa, oo ardayba ardayga uu ka xifdis fiican yahay la abaal mariyaa. Dunida maanta xifdiska waxaa loo yaqaan plagiarism, tayada waxbarashadana laguma qiimeeyo ‘maxaa xafidsan tahay,’ ee waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa maxaa wax ku qabsan kartaa tacliintaas oo aad ku dabiqi kartaa nolol maalmeeldkaada uguna adeegi kartaa bulshada. Computerada & aaladaha tecknolojiyada sida google, Ipad, laptops, smart phones iyo wixi la hal maala ayaa xifdinta & keydinta qaabilsan oo baahidaas looga maarmay.
Jaamicadaha dalka, qolyaha maamulka maadadi ay doonaan ayee dhahaan hala dhigo, macalin walbana buugu rabo soo qaataa uu dhigaa, meeshi iyo chapterki oga sahlanaadana ayuu dhigaa, imtixaanka wixi u sahlanaado oo maskaxdiisa ku soo dhaco ayuu ardada weydiiyaa. Tani waxay keentay in waxbarashadi sahal noqoto oo ardaydu ku fikirto inay labo ilaa sadex jaamicadood isku wada dhigtaan (subax, galab & weekend), maxaa yeelay ardayda cidna assignments, homeworks iyo howlo kale oo xoogan uma dirto. Si arrintaa looga fogaado waxaa fiican in gudi imtixaan uu jiro kaasoo qiimeeya tayada imtixaanada iyo assignmentiyada. Imtixaanada waa in dhowr qeybood ka koobnaadaan sida: MCQ’s, short answers, True/False, matching, fill missing blankets etc. Sidoo kale waa in uu jiraa continuous assessments and class activities and participation, sida: presentations, group activities, PowerPoint, literature review, report writing etc. Hadii sidaan ardayda loo mashquuliyo oo ah sida saxda ah, ma dhici lahayn in arday ku fikiro inu dhowr jaamicadood isku dhigto.
Maada walbo oo ardaygu baranaayo & imtixaanada ardayda laga qaadaayo waxaa lagu saleeyaa in ay ka koobnaadaan sedexdan qaybood: 1) Knowledge: which is about understanding of theories, facts, concepts, principles etc, this is called lower level knowledge acquisition, 2) Skills: which is about application of knowledge, practical skills, problem solving etc, this is called knowledge application and 3) General competence: which is about interpersonal skills, critical thinking, independence & responsibility; this is called higher order thinking. Qodobka 3-aad ee ‘Competence’ waa kan ugu muhiimsan wax yaabaha Jaamicadaha lagu barto waxaana ka mid ah: akhlaaq wanaag, hogaamin, dad la dhaqan wanaagsan, dulqaad, hogaansamid, kalsooni qab, wada shaqeeyn, masuuliyad, doodaha & fagaare ka hadalka, dhagaysiga & ixtiraamka cidi kaa fikir duwan iwm. Marka la qiimeynaayo ‘competency’ waxaa la adeegsadaa hab gaar ah oo la yiraahdo ‘rubrics assessment.’
Jaamicadaha dalka waxay xooga saaraan oo ardayda baraan qaybta knowledge acquisition part, labada qeyb kale ee skills and competence (knowledge application and higher order thinking) xooga ma saaran oo waa la dayacay. Waxay ahayd 75% ardayda waxa la baraayo inay ahaadaan skills and competence, qaybta knowledge-kana ay ahaato tan ugu yar. Waxaa arkaysaa imtixaan gebigiisba wada ah su’aalo ku saabsan xifdin & xusuusasho sida: define, describe, identify, list, match, name, outline, recalls, recognize, select, state, find, gives examples etc; halka la rabay in ay u badnaadan su’aalaha u baahan higher order thinking sida: synthesize, evaluate, appraise, criticize, critique, defend, discriminate, explain, interpret, justify, relate, summarize, solve, calculate, estimate, compare, contrast, judge, measure, decide etc.
Ugu dambeynti, waxbarashada dalka waxay u baahan tahay in la samata bixiyo oo la darso sidii waxbarashada dalka loo casriyeen lahaa, looguna saleyn lahaa baahiyaha shaqo ee maanta dalka ka jira & kuwa mustaqbalka. Layska waraysto waxbarashada dalka sidii ay ola jaan qaadi lahayd waxbarashda caalamka. Aaan kusoo gabagabeeyo maqaalkaan xigmadaan af ingiriska ku qoran: ‘Wisdom lies not in the amount of knowledge acquired but in the degree of its application.’ Hadaba aan xifdiska iska yareeyno aan xooga saarno sidi aqoonta aan ugu dabiqi lahayn nolosheena.
Mahadsanidiin
Xogo dheeraad ah eeg: Bloom’s taxonomy, Domains of Learning Outcomes, Learning Outcome Assessment Plan, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Rubrics Assessment, Exam Specification, Program Specifications Design, Course Specifications Design, and Quality Management System in academic programs.
W; Q: Kamaaludiin Sheekh Camoore
Hadalsame Media
