(London) 21 March 2019 – U.S. AIR STRIKES are killing civilians in Somalia, a new Amnesty International report says, refuting the Pentagon’s repeated statements that no civilians have died, even as U.S. attacks have at least tripled under the Trump administration. Amnesty’s report, released today, details five air strikes that resulted in the deaths of 14 people. The group’s forensic investigation found substantial evidence that suggests American airstrikes are responsible for deaths in four of those cases, and likely the fifth.
“This is a detailed, credible, and deeply disturbing report,” Hina Shamsi, the Director of the ACLU National Security Project said in an email to The Intercept. “Despite very challenging investigative conditions, Amnesty provides strong evidence that the Trump administration’s claim of zero civilian casualties simply cannot be believed.”
Africa Command, which oversees U.S. military activity in Africa, disavows all Amnesty’s findings.
Loosened rules of engagement have allowed for mistakes and misidentification that end in fatal attacks, the report concludes. Amnesty says indiscriminate aspects of the military’s tactics may mean that some attacks could constitute war crimes, even though the U.S. has technically not declared war on Somalia.
Indeed, when asked if the U.S. is at war in Somalia, Gen. Thomas D. Waldhauser, the commander of AFRICOM, said during a Congressional hearing earlier this month, “I wouldn’t characterize that we’re at war. It’s specifically designed for us not to own that.” Amnesty contends the U.S.’s behavior makes it a clear party to non-international armed conflict, and as such the laws of war would apply.
Months after Donald Trump’s inauguration in 2017, sections of Somalia were declared “an area of active hostilities,” allowing AFRICOM to carry out more offensive strikes in the country on anyone deemed to be a member of the militant group al Shabaab, with less interagency vetting than was previously required.
Retired Gen. Donald Bolduc, the commander of U.S. Special Operations Forces in Africa from April 2015 to June 2017, told Amnesty that his understanding was that with the new designation, individuals in these areas can be considered lawful targets based on four criteria: age, gender, location (being in specific parts of Somalia where the population is considered supportive of al Shabaab), and proximity to al Shabaab. “The reason President Trump changed the rules is because now these guys can be hit,” Gen. Bolduc told Amnesty. “They are in close proximity, they are part of the al Shabaab network.”
“If General Bolduc’s description of the targeting standards is correct, then the U.S. is intentionally killing men solely because they are of military age and might know al Shabaab members, or are in areas where the population is deemed sympathetic to the group,” Shamsi explained.
AFRICOM said General Bolduc did not accurately summarize the targeting standards, but would not provide additional information due to “operational security reasons.” It says that increased operations have been effective. “AFRICOM remains dedicated to providing assistance to the Federal Government of Somalia and is encouraged by the incremental progress that has been achieved thus far, especially in applying pressure to the al Shabaab network,” a spokesperson said in an email to The Intercept.
The Amnesty report says the broadened mandate created the conditions for incidents like one in which three civilian men, one, a father of 13, were killed on November 12, 2017. The men had travelled southeast of their village to work in the fields, irrigating the farm land so it could grow crops in the dry season. This is community work, and the men labored into the night. One called his family back in the village and said it was too late to go home, so they would sleep under a tree near the field and return in the morning.
They were killed about an hour after laying down. Villagers found their bodies in the morning. Amnesty collected consistent testimonies from 18 people who said none of the men were members of al Shabaab. Amnesty could find no information that suggested the men had ever engaged in hostilities.
AFRICOM acknowledged it conducted a strike at that place and time but said a follow-up investigation found that the men were not sleeping and were members of al Shabaab.
In another incident investigated by Amnesty, three men were in a moving vehicle with one suspected member of al Shabaab. One of the other men in the car worked for the country’s biggest telecoms company, Hormouud Telecom. A senior regional official told Amnesty that most of the men in the car were civilians. “I don’t know why they were hit, but maybe it was a mistake,” he said. “The U.S. are making a lot of mistakes in this region.”
Amnesty brought the allegations to AFRICOM and was told an assessment determined that the people killed were militants.
Brian Castner, Amnesty International’s Senior Crisis Advisor on Arms and Military Operation, told The Intercept, “As far as we can tell, AFRICOM doesn’t do any on the ground investigations, and none of the 150 people we interviewed had ever spoken to a government official, Somali or American, about these attacks.”
At least 76 other strikes were carried out over the period Amnesty researched, indicating the civilian death toll could be much higher, the group says. A spokesperson for AFRICOM told The Intercept that 27 strikes have been conducted so far this year.
The office of the president of Somalia did not respond to a request for comment on the Amnesty report.
Source: The Intercept
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